chap+10

=PART 1= Nationalism in the Middle East

Define: __//genocide-//__ Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group. __//ethnic cleansing-//__ the mass expulsion and killing of one ethnic or religious group in an area by another ethnic or religious group in that area __//eliminate-//__ extinguish: terminate, end, or take out __//establish-//__ prove: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment Identify: //__Abdulhamid II-__// His Imperial Majesty, The Sultan Abdülhamid II, Emperor of the Ottomans, Caliph of the Faithful, (AKA: Abdul Hamid II or Abd Al-Hamid II Khan Ghazi), (21/22 September 1842 – 10 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire. //__T. E. Lawrence-__// Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence, CB, DSO (16 August 1888 - 19 May 1935), known professionally as T. E. Lawrence, was a British Army officer renowned especially for his liaison role during the Arab Revolt of 1916-18. //__Atatürk-__// Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (indeterminate, 1881-10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, and founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as its first President. //__Reza Shah Pahlavi-__// Rezā Shāh, also known as Rezā Shāh Kabir (Reza Shah the Great), or Rezā Shāh Pahlavi, (March 16, 1878 – July 26, 1944), was the Shah of the Imperial State of Iran The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: from December 15, 1925 until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo //__Ibn Saud-__// Malik Abdul Aziz Al Saud, King(Malik) of Saudi Arabia (15 January 1876 – 9 November 1953) was the first monarch of The Third Saudi State known as Saudi Arabia. Of his full name Abdul Aziz bin Abdur Rahman Al Saud, he was commonly referred to as ibn Saud.
 * Vocabulary**
 * People**


 * DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions as you read Section 1.**

1. Which empire did the European nations call “the sick man of Europe”? 2. How did the British seek to undermine Ottoman rule in the Arabian Peninsula? 3. What is the deliberate mass murder of a particular racial, political, or cultural group called? 4. List three changes that came about in Turkey as a result of Ataturk’s reforms. 5. After he led a mutiny to seize control of Tehran, how did Reza Shah Pahlavi try to change Iran? 6. Where did the Middle Eastern states originate? 7. What did reform leader Ibn Saud help create in the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula? 8. Identify the document that the British government issued to express support for a national home for the Jews in Palestine. 9. How did the British try to end the violence in Palestine in 1939? Did it work?

**Part 2**

Nationalism in Africa and Asia = = = **Vocabulary** = = Define: = //__aware-__// having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception __//Pan-Africanism-//__ Pan-Africanism is a sociopolitical world view, philosophy, and movement which seeks to unify native Africans and those of African heritage into a "global African community". Pan-Africanism calls for a politically united Africa. //__Mahatma-__// it is similar in usage to the modern Christian term saint. This epithet is commonly applied to prominent people like Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Jyotirao Phule. __//civil disobedience-//__ a group's refusal to obey a law because they believe the law is immoral __//zaibatsu-//__ a Japanese term referring to industrial and financial business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan, whose influence and size allowed for control over significant parts of the Japanese economy from the Meiji period until the end of World //__integrity-__// an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting Identify: __//W. E. B. DuBois-//__ William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (February 23, 1868 - August 27, 1963) was an American civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, historian, author, and editor. __//Marcus Garvey-//__ Rt. Excellent Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr., National Hero of Jamaica (17 August 1887 10 June 1940) was a publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, Black Nationalist, Pan-Africanist, and orator. __//Mohandas Gandhi-//__ Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. __//Jawaharlal Nehru-//__ Nehru: Indian statesman and leader with Gandhi in the struggle for home rule; was the first prime minister of the Republic of India from 1947 to 1964 (1889-1964) __//Ho Chi Minh-//__ Hồ Chí Minh, born Nguyễn Sinh Cung and also known as Nguyễn Ái Quốc (19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969) was a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary and statesman who was prime minister (1946–1955) and president (1945–1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam).
 * People**


 * DIRECTIONS: Fill in the blanks below as you read Section 2.**

Black Africans had fought in World War I in (1) ** XXXXX ** and French armies. Many Africans hoped they would be rewarded with (2) ** XXXXX ** after the war. Most (3) ** XXXXX ** leaders, how- ever, were not ready to give up their colonies. The colonies stripped from (4) ** XXXXX ** after World War I were awarded to Great Britain and France, who then controlled most of Africa. As more Africans became aware of the enormous gulf between Western (5) ** XXXXX ** and (6) ** XXXXX **, they decided to seek reform. In (7) ** XXXXX **, Harry Thuku was arrested for protesting (8) ** XXXXX ** taxes. By the 1930s, an increasing number of African leaders were calling for independence, not (9) ** XXXXX **.

Young African leaders who had studied abroad were especially influenced by the ideas of (10) ** XXXXX ** and (11) ** XXXXX **. Garvey, a Jamaican who lived in Harlem in New York City, stressed the need for the unity of all Africans, a movement known as (12) ** XXXXX **. Léopold Senghor organized an independence movement in (13) ** XXXXX **.

Mohandas Gandhi had become active in the movement for Indian (14) ** XXXXX ** before World War I. The independence movement in India (15) ** XXXXX ** into two paths. One identified with Gandhi and was (16) ** XXXXX **. The other identified with (17) ** XXXXX ** and was secular, Western, and modern.

During the first two decades of the twentieth century, Japan moved toward a more (18) ** XXXXX ** government. But by the 1930s, the Japanese govern- ment was dominated by the (19) ** XXXXX ** and other supporters of Japanese expansionism. Founded in 1919, the Communist International, or (20) ** XXXXX **, was a worldwide organization of Communist parties dedicated to spreading revolution. By the end of the 1920s, practically every colonial society in Asia had a (21) ** XXXXX ** party.

=Part 3= Revolutionary Chaos in China

Define: //__guerrilla tactics-__// Guerrilla warfare is the irregular warfare and combat in which a small group of combatants use mobile military tactics in the form of ambushes and raids to combat a larger and less mobile formal army. //__pursue-__// To follow with harmful intent; to try to harm, to persecute, torment. //__constitutional-__// sanctioned by or consistent with or operating under the law determining the fundamental political principles of a government //__redistribution of wealth-__// In economics, redistribution is the transfer of income, wealth or property from some individuals to others. Most often it refers to progressive redistribution, from the rich to the poor, although it may also refer to regressive redistribution, from the poor to the rich. Identify: __//Sun Yat-sen-//__ Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866 - 12 March 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader. As the foremost pioneer of Republican China, Sun is frequently referred to as the Father of the Nation. __//Chiang Kai-shek-//__ Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was a political and military leader of 20th century China. He was an influential member of the Kuomintang (KMT) and Sun Yat-sen's close ally. __//Shanghai Massacre-//__ The Shanghai massacre of 1927, also known as the April 12 Incident, was a large-scale purge of Communists from the Kuomintang (KMT) in Shanghai, ordered by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek on 12 April 1927, during the Northern Expedition against the warlords. __//Mao Zedong-//__ (1893-1976): One of the most well-known political leaders of the 20th century, he became leader of the Chinese Communist Party in 1935 and led the successful civil war which drove the Nationalist forces out of the China mainland in 1949. On Oct. __//PLA-//__ Palestinian Liberation Army, traditional army of the Palistinan Liberation Organization, no longer extant; polylactic acid; (uncountable) People’s Liberation Army, the army of the People’s Republic of China; (countable) programmable logic array.
 * Vocabulary**
 * People and Events**


 * DIRECTIONS: Fill in the blanks below as you read Section 3.**

I. Revolutionary ** XXXXX ** had its greatest impact in China. A.In 1923, Nationalists and Communists formed an alliance and trained a ** XXXXX **army to seize control of China. B.In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek struck the Communists in the ** XXXXX **Massacre. . C.In 1928, Chiang founded a new Chinese republic at ** XXXXX **

II. ** XXXXX **led Communist party members to the mountainous Jiangxi province.

A. Mao was convinced that a revolution would be driven by ** XXXXX **. B. Chiang Kai-shek tried to ** XXXXX ** the Communists out of their bases. 1. Chiang’s troops ** XXXXX ** the Communist base in Jiangxi. 2. Mao’s army broke out and began its famous ** XXXXX **.

3. While many froze or starved along the way, one year later, Mao’s troops reached safety in ** XXXXX **.

III. Chiang Kai-shek announced a period of training to prepare China for ** XXXXX ** government. A. The Nationalists used ** XXXXX ** power to carry out a land-reform program. 1. Most rural people were ** XXXXX ** by civil strife. 2. A ** XXXXX **middle class began to form in the cities.

B. Chiang set up a ** XXXXX ** to promote Confucian social ethics and to reject excessive individualism and material greed. C. Fearing communism, Chiang’s government suppressed all opposition but by doing so alienated many ** XXXXX ** and political moderates.

=PART 4= Nationalism in Latin America

Define: //__oligarchy-__// a form of government in which power effectively rests with a small elite segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, military might, or religious hegemony. //__stimulate-__// induce: cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner //__maintain-__// keep: keep in a certain state, position, or activity Identify: __//Juan Vicente Gómez-//__ Juan Vicente Gómez Chacón (24 July 1857 - 17 December 1935) was a military general and de facto ruler of Venezuela from 1908 until his death in 1935. He was president on three occasions during this time, and ruled as an unelected military strongman for the rest of the era. __//Good Neighbor policy-//__ The Good Neighbor policy was the foreign policy of the administration of United States President Franklin Roosevelt toward the countries of Latin America. __//Hipólito Irigoyen-//__ Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Irigoyen Alem (July 12, 1852 - July 3, 1933) was twice President of Argentina (from 1916 to 1922 and again from 1928 to 1930). __//Getúlio Vargas-//__ Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (April 19, 1882–August 24, 1954) served as president of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 until his suicide in 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 15 years, being the president with more years of office. __//PRI-//__ Party of the Institutionalized Revolution; dominant political party in Mexico; developed during the 1920s and 1930s; incorporated labor, peasant, military, and middle-class sectors; controlled other political organizations in Mexico. __//Lázaro Cárdenas-//__ Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (May 21, 1895 - October 19, 1970) was President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940.
 * Vocabulary**
 * People and Events**


 * DIRECTIONS: Fill in the blanks below as you read Section 4.**

1. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Latin American economy was based largely on the export of ** XXXXX ** and ** XXXXX **. 2. The fact that ** XXXXX ** in the United States controlled many Latin American industries ** XXXXX ** Latin Americans. 3. The United States had intervened ** XXXXX ** in Latin American for years. 4. In 1935, President Franklin Roosevelt announced the ** XXXXX **, a policy ** XXXXX **the use of U.S. military force in Latin America. 5. The total value of Latin American ** XXXXX ** in 1930 was almost ** XXXXX **below the figures for the years between 1925 and 1929. 6. Being low on ** XXXXX ** to buy manufactured goods, Latin American governments encouraged the development of new ** XXXXX ** to produce goods. 7. A trend toward ** XXXXX ** increased during the 1930s. 8. Argentina was controlled by an ** XXXXX **, a government where a select group of people exercises control. 9. A military coup made Getulio Vargas, a wealthy rancher, president of Brazil, and in 1937 Vargas made himself ** XXXXX **. 10. Lazaro Cardenas, president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940, distributed 44 million acres of land to landless Mexican ** XXXXX **, a move that made him enormously popular. 11. In major cities such as ** XXXXX ** in Argentina and ** XXXXX **in Brazil, wealthy elites expressed great interest in the work of modern artists. 12. When studying in Europe, Diego Rivera was influenced by Italian ** XXXXX ** ;when he returned to Mexico he created ** XXXXX **with monumental shapes and bold colors.