unit+6

= **Unit 1-** =

Vocabulary Define**:**

 * New Imperialism-** refers to the colonial expansion between the 19th and early 20th century


 * protectorate-** a state that is controlled and protected by another.


 * exploit-** use (a situation or person) in an unfair or selfish way


 * indirect rule-** a system of government of one nation by another in which the governed people retain certain administrative, legal, and other powers.


 * direct rule-** a system of government in which a province is controlled by a central government.


 * impose-** forcibly put (a restriction) in place


 * regime-** a system or planned way of doing things, esp. one imposed from above


 * 1) Beginning in the 1880s, European states began an intense scramble for XoverseasX territory.
 * 2)  XimperialismX is the extension of a nation’s power over other lands.
 * 3) Through “new imperialism,” European states sought nothing less than Xdirect controlX over vast territories.
 * 4) As European affairs grew tense, states sought to acquire colonies abroad to gain an XadvantageX over rivals.
 * 5) Some Europeans argued that they had a XmoralX responsibility to civilize primitive people.
 * 6) Britain wanted control of Xburma/myanmarX in order to protect its possessions in India.
 * 7) To stop British moves into Vietnam, France decided in 1857 to force the Vietnamese to accept French XprotectionX.
 * 8) After the French conquest of Indochina, Thailand was the only remaining XfreeX state.
 * 9) President William McKinley decided to turn the XPhilippinesX into an American colony.
 * 10) In indirect rule, local rulers were allowed to XmaintainX their positions of authority.
 * 11) When local elites resisted the foreign conquest, Xdirect ruleX was enacted, removing local rulers from power.
 * 12) Colonial policy stressed the XexportX of raw materials as opposed to encouraging homegrown industries.
 * 13) While many early native resistance movements were overcome by Western powers, by the twentieth century, a new kind of resistance began to emerge that was based on the force of XnationalismX.
 * 14) The leaders of resistance to colonial rule were often the westernized XintellectualsX in the cities.

Answers:

1:overseas 2:imperialism 3:direct control 4:advantage 5:moral 6:Burma 7:protection 8:free 9:Philippines 10:maintain 11:direct rule 12:export 13:nationalism 14:intellectuals

= **Unit 2-** =

Vocabulary Define**:**

 * annex-** append or add as an extra or subordinate part, esp. to a document


 * conflicting-** a serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one


 * indigenous-** originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native


 * consequence-** a result or effect of an action or condition

1. Which five European countries placed virtually all of Africa under European control between 1880 and 1900? -Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Spain.

2. What reforms did Muhammad Ali introduce during a 30-year reign in Egypt? -He introduced a series of reforms to bring Egypt into the modern world.

3. What did Great Britain believe concerning the Suez Canal? -They believed that the canal was it's "lifeline to India"

4. In 1879, France established control over which North African country? -The region of Algeria.

5. What humiliation did Italy suffer in North Africa in 1896? -They attempted to take over Ethiopia and were defeated being the only European state defeated by an African state.

6. By what means did King Leopold II of Belgium colonize Central Africa? -He rushed enthusiastically into the pursuit of an empire in Africa.

7. How were Britain and Germany’s competing claims over East Africa settled? -The Berlin Conference was called which settled their disputes.

8. What part did African delegates play in the Berlin Conference as their continent was being carved up by European powers? -NO African Delegates were present at the Berlin Conference.

9. What did the Boers believe was ordained by God in relation to racial differences? -They believed that white superiority was ordained by God. (SO WRONG, I'm sorry I just had to add my opinion. I can't believe that!)

10. Describe one of the major goals of Cecil Rhodes. -He wanted a series of British Colonies.

11. By 1914, which two African countries remained as non-colonized free states? -Liberia and Ethiopia.

12. What were some of the negative consequences of British indirect rule? -It was basically fraud because British made all the major decisions. It also kept the old African Elite in power.

13. Explain the “gap” between theory and practice in colonial policy. -Most other European nations governed their African possessions through a form of direct rule.

= **Unit 3-** =

Vocabulary Define**:**

 * attitude-** a settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically one that is reflected in a person's behavior


 * sepoy-** an Indian soldier serving under British or other European orders.


 * transfer-** move (someone or something) from one place to another


 * viceroy-** a ruler exercising authority in a colony on behalf of a sovereign.

I. British power in India XXXXX while the power of XXXXX rulers declined. A. The British had their own XXXXX and XXXXX to maintain power. B. They hired Indian soldiers known as XXXXX to protect their interests. C. In 1857, Indian distrust of the British led to a revolt, the First War of XXXXX 1. A rumor spread that the British were issuing bullets greased with XXXXX and XXXXX fat. 2. Within a year, loyal Indian troops along with the British, crushed the XXXXX

II. The British ruled India directly through an official called a XXXXX. A. There were XXXXX to British rule. 1. It brought XXXXX and XXXXX to society. 2. It led to fairlyXXXXX and XXXXX government. B. There were XXXXX to British rule. 1. It brought economic hardship to millions as local XXXXX was destroyed. 2. Despite education, Indians were never considered XXXXX of the British.

III. In 1885, a group of Indians met to form the XXXXX. A. They began by calling for a share in the XXXXX process in India. B. In 1915, XXXXX became active in an independence movement. 1. He set up a movement based on XXXXX resistance. 2. Ultimately, Gandhi’s movement was successful in XXXXX all India.

IV. The tension in India that arose from British domination led to a XXXXX, as well as a political, awakening. A. XXXXX wrote a widely read novel that reflected an Indian people who admired and imitated the British, but who agonized over how to establish their own XXXXX.

1: Increased, Mogul 2: soldiers, forts 3: sepoys 4: Independence 5: cow, pig 6: rebellion 7: British Government 8: benefits 9: order and stability 10: honest, sufficient 11: costs 12: local industries 13: equals 14: Indian National Government 15: muslim 16: Mohandas Ghandi 17: non-violent 18: independence 19:cultural 20: Rabin-dranath Tagore, identity

= **Unit 4-** =

Vocabulary Define**:**

 * creole-** a person of mixed European and black descent, esp. in the Caribbean.


 * peninsulare-** a piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water.


 * dominate-** have a commanding influence on; exercise control over


 * mestizo-** a man of mixed race, esp. the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian.


 * Monroe Doctrine-** a principle of U.S. policy, originated by President James Monroe in 1823, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the U.S.


 * caudillo-** a military or political leader.


 * emphasis-** special importance, value, or prominence given to something


 * expand-** become or make larger or more extensive

Political ideals stemming from the successful (1) Revolution in North America were beginning to influence Latin America. When Napoleon overthrew the monarchies of Spain and Portugal, the authority of the (2) Spaniards and (3) Portuguese. was weakened in their colonial empires. Between 1807 and 1825, revolutionary movements enabled most of Latin America to become (4) independent

The first real hero of Mexican independence was (5) Miguel Hildago. On September 16, 1810, a crowd of (6) Native Americans and (7)Mestizos, armed with clubs, machetes, and a few guns, formed a mob army to attack the Spaniards. In 1821, Mexico declared its independence from Spain and became a (8) Republic in 1823. (9) Jose de san Martin believed that the Spaniards must be removed from all of South America if any South American nation was to be free. Unsure of their pre- cise boundaries, the new nations went to war with one another to settle (10) border disputes. Soon after independence, strong leaders known as (11) caudillos came into power, who ruled by military force.

As a result of the (12) Spanish American War, Cuba became a United States protectorate, and Puerto Rico was (13) annexed to the United States. The United States was granted control of a strip of land in Panama where they built the (14) Panama Canal.

Many in Latin America saw the United States as a (15) threat. A result of the prosperity from increased (16) exports was growth in the middle sectors of Latin American society. These middle sectors sought liberal (17) reform, not revolution. Once they had the right to vote, they generally sided with the (18) landholding elites.